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Joan Oliver o el «realisme»
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 22
Open Access
<p>Interview between Feliu Formosa and the playwright Joan Oliver (Sabadell, 1899). Joan Oliver was born in the bosom of a traditional family of the bourgeoisie of Sabadell. Since youth he concentrated on Arts and he wrote poems, plays and prose. He wrote for severa! periodical publications. In 1928 he published his first book, Una tragedia a Lil·liput (A tragedy in Lil·liput). The following year he made his debut in the theatre with the presentation in «Mirador» of Gairebé un acte o Joan, Joana i Joanet (Almost an act or Joan, Joana and Joanet). But, till 1934, he doesn't begin his important poetic career —during it he uses the pseudonym of Pere Quart— with Les decapitacions (The Decapitations). His first important play was Cataclisme (Cataclysm) (1935). He wrote other plays such as: Allò que tal vegada s'esdevingué (That which perhaps occurred) and Cambrera Nova (New Waitress) (1937); La fam (The Hunger) (1938, Prize of the Teatre Català de la Comèdia); Ball robat (Dance Stolen) and Primera representació (First Performance) (performed for the first time in 1958 and 1959); La drecera (The Short Cut) (Àngel Guimerà Prize, 1957). He made very good translations, both from narrators (Colette, Elsa Morante, Simone de Beauvoir) and playwrights (Molière, Shaw, Claudel, Beckett, Cekhov, Goldoni, Labiche…). Joan Oliver tried to be iconoclast and several subjects that distinguished definitely his work are placed between humour and satire.</p>...
La llum del teatre
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 22
Open Access
<p>lt is a fact that a large number of directors still feel enthusiastic about lights and use them with great pleasure. Lights and their function in theatre are at crossing where opposite ways both converge and come apart. ...
«Mary d’Ous», un punt d’inflexió
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 22
Open Access
<p>This work is a compilation of the results of a seminar made by the Department of Theatrical Sciences of the lnstitut del Teatre of Barcelona about the “Analysis of shows recorded in video”; it takes part in the effort, more and more widespread all over the world, to bestow on the theatrical criticism, as it is called nowadays, its own and true statute of independent and theoretical reflection.</p>
<p>We have chosen Mary d'Ous, a show by Els Joglars, because it is the topmost point of a theatrical conception based on the absence of a plot and also the last one of this kind of shows. In fact, after Mary d'Ous, Els Joglars changed completely. Alias Serrallonga, their following show, belongs no more to the same universe.</p>
<p>We believe that Mary d'Ous is the most current show of Els Joglars because it is the one which makes most clear the present needs of the dramatic criticism and which gives us more reasons and more images to try to overcome them.</p>
<p>We reproduce here a fragment of the text written by Els Joglars to hand it out: “Mary d'Ous: Variations on two themes. Show begum in Pruït (Barcelona) in June 1972 and finished in Barcelona at the beginning of December of the same year. The formal purpose of this show can be summarized as follows: it constitutes an attempt to obtain a maximum of scenic efficiency, using a minimum of elements related both to the plot and to the scenography. The show is based on a series of improvisations and studies made by the actors on the generic theme of the musical arrangement transposed to the dramatic process (canon, fugue, counterpoint, variations on themes, etc.).”</p>...
El quadern de direcció d’«Otel·lo», de William Shakespeare, espeblert per Konstantin Stanislavski
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 22
Open Access
<p>This article is a compilation of the conclusions of a seminar where the contents of the direction notebook which Stanislavsky wrote up in Nice in 1929 were analysed in order to direct the group Art's Theatre of Moscow in its play Othello by Shakespeare. After the issue of the notebook' s French edition (Mise en Scene d'Othello. Éditions du Seuil. Paris, 1973), the seminar tried to take out from it the most interesting aspects related to the theatre. Thanks to the accurate instructions given by the master to his group Art's Treatre, the seminar was able to dissect the essential and constant elements of Stanislavsky's work from the text by Shakespeare. The first part of that article, entitled “Directing actors is a dramatic art”, explains the formal keys of the notebook and analyses its dramatic deal, the criterion followed to omit certain parts of the original text, the scenographic conception and the way to deal with the characters. That analysis reveals Stanislavsky's way of adapting Shakespeare to his method of directing actors, which, in short, is equivalent to bringing tragedy to the drama's field. The second part, entitled “Advices given by the master”, emphasizes sorne fragments of the direction notebook of Othello, which can be considered excellent and practical lessons in the field of the self-control of the actor's energy in the performance.</p>...
Mestres Quadreny, un compositor per als confins teatrals de la música
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 22
Open Access
<p>Interview with Josep Mestres Quadreny, a Catalan and postrnodern cornposer, where there are included all the different aspects of his musical training between 1945 and 1955; he refers both to his country's situation and to other Catalan contemporary rnusicians. Mestres Quadreny also rnakes a historical and sociological analysis of the traditional genders of musical theatre, such as opera, ballet and «zarzuela» (a particular Spanish version of the German sing-spiel) and a personal reflection both on the present experirnentation in the field of postmodern music (electronic music and “aléatoire” music) and on the limits of the musical script. He devotes a great part of that interview to explain in detail some of his experiences together with Joan Brossa, a Catalan and postmodern poet and playwright, on the use of the elements of the traditional concert in the theatre, a field of the postmodern show where we can consider themselves the pioneers.</p>...
Josep M. de Sagarra, traductor
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 23
Open Access
<p>The translation of a language into another one has always pursued the aim to incorporate, for whatever reason it may be, a work belonging to a certain language and culture into the translator's language and culture; the accuracy with which this task is done has changed a great deal in the course of the centuries: it has become more rigorous eventually, so that this excess of rigour has ended up by ruining the translator's normal purposes, that's to say, to get either .the readers or the audience to understand the work's deep, last content. Josep M. de Sagarra's sensibility has understood from the beginning the risk of reaching this extremity; his translations of Shakespeare are a real Catalanisation of this English playwright, without betraying at all his thought, but making it suitable for our country's scenery. That is what the analysed fragments show, specially the difficult version of Mistress Mine from the Magi's Night. A perfect fluency in Catalan, both in prose and verse, has been the tool which has enabled Sagarra to carry out his task with absolute guarantee of success, and so has been proved by the performance of any of his versions of Shakespeare.</p>...
Una frustració: la proposició de Llei de Teatre
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 23
Open Access
<p>Since 1975 there have been several bills that tried to get a legal framework where the dramatic activity could be inserted. Finally, 26th. March 1982, the Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya (communist) presented to the Parliament a Bill which, 13th. May, was rejected by 62 votes against (Convergencia i Unió, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and Centristes de Catalunya-UCD) and 54 votes for (PSUC and socialists). Estudis Escenics publishes a dossier about this question made by Jordi Teixidor, well-known playwright who took part directly in the writing of the Bjll. Then we publish wholly the Bill's articulate and a summary of the parliamentary debate, where the spokesman of every political party tells the reasons for his voting for or against. Jordi Teixidor comments on every contribution on the debate and infers that the government of the Generalitat does not want any Law of Drama, but it prefers to rule by decree, and that is a characteristic of the right. A Law of Drama means to have fixed some middle or longterm aims, whereas till now the dramatic policy of the Conselleria has not even been defined and, in oder to control drama, it prefers to play the part of Maecenas.</p>...
Fenomenologia i semiòtica del teatre
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 23
Open Access
<p>This article attempts to show that Ch. S. Peirce's phenomenology and semiotics can help in approaching in scientific terms the theory of drama (and more generally speaking of entertainment), thus providing an answer to ...
Escenificar Labiche. Elogi de l’apart
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 23
Open Access
<p>The relations between form and philosophy, between dramatic structure and world's conception are the purpose of this article based on two experiences of staging Labiche. J. M. emphasizes the central part played, in the ...
Futur de l’espectador davant l’espectacle
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 23
Open Access
<p>Cinema, drama and television are languages composed of some groups of signs, and we will only be able to know the specific character of each entertainment if before we can define them separately. Between drama and cinema, ...
Un nou teatre en somni
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 23
Open Access
<p>In 1936 this author was appointed Commissar of Entertainments of the Generalitat, and while he was carrying out his task, he became aware of the deficiencies suffered the show business, as regards both drama and cinema. He took part in a series of initiatives among which we find Piscator's visit to Catalonia and the outlined projects of this director to perf orm Terra baixa by Àngel Guimerà and Parsifal in Montserrat's mountain. In november 1936 he travelled to Russia in order to try to arrange the exhibition of Russian films in Catalonia, and also to study the possibility of interchanging entertainments. He payed a visit to the Lunatxarski Institute (befare Stanislavski Institute), the Bolshoi Theatre, the Vakhtanov Theatre, the Realistic Theatre, the Meierhold, and so on. He got to know about the Lunatxarski Institute's syllabus and the attention payed by this institution to the non-Russian ethnical tradition of · Russia. The Republic's defeat ruined his projects, which had just been started, and forced him to the exile.</p>...
Bibliografia teatral catalana, 1980-1981
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1983, Núm. 23
Open Access
El risc d'investigar
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 25
Open Access
<p>This is an interview with the self-taught dancer and choreographer Cesc Gelabert. While we accompany him through his choreographies he shows us the loneliness of a long distance runner, the discoveries during the long process of creation, the collaborations and encounters with other people.</p>
<p>It is a continuous voyage in the present and the past, from his first casual contact with the world of dance (1969) to the premiere of Alhambra (1983); from the moment when, for the first time, he found himself dancing alone in front of an empty auditorium until the moment when, also for the first time, he danced with another star, Lydia Azzopardi; from his search for reference points, looking around in a thousand and one courses in Catalonia and abroad which he paid for with money saved up during a whole year's word, until the time when he taught his discoveries at La Fábrica-Espai de Dansa. We go through the period of his «youth», of learning to walk, of collaborations with other performers, such as Frederic Amat, Lewis Richter, Rafael Subirachs: Acció-0, Acció-1 (Action-0, Action-1); of solitude, of running away to New York Mi viejo traje de pana (My Old Corduroy Suit), where he met Carles Santos (Cesc Gelabert & Dancers) and Perico Pastor; the return, two years later, to «motionless» Barcelona; loneliness again plata i Or (Silver and Gold); the chance meeting with Lydia Azzopardi, Danzas para interiores (Dances for Interiors); the reencounter with Carles Santos, Concert per a veu, piano i dansa (Concert for Voice, Piano and Dance); the beginning of an understanding (Alhambra, Five to Two).</p>
<p>The Risk of Investigating is basically a way of understanding life: investigating outside and inside oneself; it is a way of understanding dance: an archive of experiences, a reflection of life; it is an encounter with solitude.</p>...
A manera de manifest
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 25
Open Access
<p>Theatrical activity is waning in Catalonia because of the exigencies of commercial profit. There is an urgent need to set up a theatre of investigation and this requires a theatre law, decentralized theatre policies and publicly financed theatre space (municipal theatres, multi-use houses). This is why we have decided to combine our efforts and propose: a) that work and show space be provided; b) that such space not be altered because of deliberately commercial interests; c) that the theatre of investigation we demand dues not mean a theatre for the “élite”; d) we don't interpret investigation as a lot of isolated experiences; e) the interest, quality and rigor of our previous work guarantee the seriousness of our proposal; f) reference must be made to the player who is not able to accept coherent work cycles, by g) our proposal is open to everyone who believes that theatre is alive and evolving.</p>...
Qüestions preliminars a la semiòtica teatral
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 25
Open Access
<p>This article tries to shed light, by going over a series of texts, on whether it is possible or legitimate to make a semiotic analysis of the theatre and, at the same time, to delimit the relevance —the nature, so to speak— of the theatrical phenomenon. In the first part of the work —Theatre and Communication— there is an analysis of objections to theatre semiotic based on what may be defined as Panlinguistic Reductionism. This identifies language and communication, tongue and code, in a tautological way and considers double articulation to be essential in order to speak of language (Mounin, La Communication Théatrale, 1969). Metz, Eco and above all Ruffini (who defines the concept of Code by taking up Prieto's notions of sematic and noetic fields) expose the contradictions and errors implicit in mechanical, a priori transpositions of linguistic methods and notions to other semiotic fields. Mounin considers the relationship between stage and public to be one of stimulation but not of communication. But this objection stands on an erroneous base, since what is defined as «transposition among codes» really means «transposition between noetic fields with different codes».</p>
<p>The second part —The Object of Theatrical Semiotics: from the Text to the Performance— certifies the theatre’s complexity and code-variety or, as De Marinis says, the multidimensionality and heterogeneity of the theatrical phenomenon or again, as Marthes says, the theatre’s “informational polyphony”. Various works are analysed which, starting from the above-mentioned panlinguistic reductionism, reduce the semiotic analysis of the theatre to an analysis of the written text: Ingarden (who reduces the essence of the theater to the whitten text), Jansen (who considers the text as an invariant and the performance as a variant), Pagnini (who gives to the text the stature of profound structure and to the performance that of superficial structure), Gullí-Pugliatti (who considers the written text to be a metatext that describes the performance). After defending the relevance of the performance, a semiotics of transdisciplinary theater capable of avoiding panlinguistic reductionism is proposed.</p>...
El Principal de València i les representacions teatrals en valencià durant el segle XIX
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 24
Open Access
<p>The Principal Theatre was inaugurated in 1832 and soon became a meeting-place of the new Valencian bourgeoisie. Around it, other establishments appeared which opened their doors to a less select public: among others ...
El teatre de Carme Montoriol i Puig
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 25
Open Access
<p>Carme Montoriol Puig was born in Barcelona in 1893 and died there in 1966. A self-taught woman, she studied music and foreign languages. She acquired a thorough knowledge of French, Italian, German and English. From the latter language, she translated the complete sonnets of Shakespeare into Catalan, which she also handled perfectly, in their correlatively equivalent meter. She also translated plays by Shakespeare: Cymbeline and Twelfth Night of What You Will, both edited by Publicacions La Revista, and works by Pirandello, Barrie and Leona Stravis. In the field of narrative prose, she translated novels by Rudyard Kipling, Osear Wilde and Maurice Baring into Catalan, as well as No pasarán (story of the siege of Madrid) by Upton Sinclair. She wrote and published her own novels, Terese, o la vida amorosa d'una dona (Terese, or Laves of a Worman) and Diumenge de julio[ (Sunday in July). She was also prominent as a lecturer and devoted president of the Lyceum Club.</p>
<p>As a playwright she produced the following works: L'abisme (The Abyss) (1936), L'huracà (The Hurricane) (1935), Avarícia (Greed) (1936) and Tempesta esvaïda (Quelled Storm) (1956). The last of these was an operette with music by J Joaquim Serra. The first three belong to the realm of bourgeois drama. They are realistic works with one foot on the threshold of naturalism. One decognizes the influence of Ibsen, whose works she knew well. The theories of Freud also run through the works, especially L'huracà (The Hurricane). This work was received as scandalous by the society of her day, because it dealt with the theme of son in love with mother/woman. The critics vehemently disagreed, some in favor of her, some against her, but they all had to admit that this work, like the other two, possessed unquestionable literary merit.</p>
<p>In 1939 she went into exile, but soon returned homesick to Catalonia; notwithstanding, her pen, like that of many other writers of her time, remained inactive for the rest of her life.</p>...
L’escenografia de Fabià Puigserver
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 24
Open Access
<p>The Catalan scenographer and theatrical director Fabià Puigserver has created more than a hundred scenographic and wardrobe projects, mainly for shows produced in Catalonia but also for ones in Madrid and beyond the Spanish border. Internationally he is probably best-known for his contribution to Víctor García's staging of Yerma by García Lorca. Fabià Puigserver stands in the first rank among those who have dedicated themselves over the past twenty years to the revival of the Catalan theatre. From the last years of the Agrupació Dramàtica de Barcelona (ADB) to the peak years of the Escola d'Art Dramàtic Adrià Gual (EADAG) at the present Teatre Lliure in Barcelona which he co-founded, he has collaborated in bringing up to date many dramatic concepts that go beyond the limits of mere stage decoration. This article penetrates into his prolific work through analysis of his popularity and achievements and measures the conclusions of critics against the author's own opinions of the material studied. This double review of all of Fabià Puigserver's scenographic work also constitutes an absorbing general reflection on the technique and theory of space, wardrobe and stage materials and contributes to the study of a fundamental piece within the evolution of the contemporary Catalan stage.</p>...
Dansa i emancipació: el teatre de dansa de Wuppertal
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 24
Open Access
<p>When Pina Bausch took over the direction of the Wuppertal Dance Theatre in the 1973-1974 season, German ballet broke off in a new direction. Her work grew steadily more distanced from the dance concepts of classical ...
Federico García Lorca: dramaturg o director?
Article
Estudis escènics: quaderns de l'Institut del Teatre. 1984, Núm. 24
Open Access
<p>In his book Federico y su mundo, Francisco García Lorca contends that the stage in his brother's plays “ ... opens up not only towards the spectator but towards an afterlife surrounding the stage”. Relying on her clase study of La casa de Bernarda Alba, Isabel Cámara seeks to show that this hypothesis is accurate and easily proven. In this particular tragedy, Lorca exchanges the stage direction Enter/ Exit in such a way that “Exit” acquires a double meaning: the one that conventionally corresponds to it and also its opposite. Concerning Poncia, Bernarda and Adela “Exit” not only signifies to disappear from the public's sight, but it also announces the “Exit” from backstage to the public stage. The confusion of the stage directions is in direct relation to the tragic tension of the drama, so that the confusion raises two phenomena; the union of the two dramatic spaces, stage and backstage, and the intense presence of the playwright/”director” in the climactic moment of the tragedy. The true protagonist turns out to be the stage and the dramatic space off-stage ar “outside”. At the end of the tragedy, the true protagonist turns out to be the stage and the decor of the initial scene through two of the main characters. It should be recalled that when the curtain rises, the stage is empty and silent. After Adela commits suicide, an event which takes place backstage, Poncia commands to Bernarda, “Don't Enter!”, and the final word of the drama, uttered by Bernarda, is “Silence!”. This inevitably recalls the space and silence which initiate the play. </p>
<p>Cámara maintains that La casa de Bernarda Alba is unique among the plays of Lorca because the author has deliberately exchanged the signs of the stage directions, with the intention of offering the public a “mise en crise” of the conventional psychic and physical spaces on stage.</p>...